III Jornadas de Arqueologia
Ibero-Americana
Museu de Arte Pré-Histórica de
Mação (14 e 15 de Março de 2008)
Organização: Instituto Terra e
Memória – Grupo “Quaternário e Pré-Histórica” do Centro
de Geociências (uID73
– Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia)
O grupo de investigação sobre o “Território e gestão
patrimonial arqueológica da região
litoral sul central de Santa
Catarina”,
que se apoia numa parceria entre o Instituto Politécnico de Tomar, a
Universidade de S.Paulo e o Instituto do Património
Histórico e Artístico Nacional do Brasil, levará a cabo em Mação as III
Jornadas de arqueologia Ibero-Americana.
O objectivo central destas jornadas,
que se realizam semestralmente em ambos os lados do Atlântico, é o de promover
não apenas um conhecimento de projectos de investigação comuns, mas sobretudo o
de potenciar a colaboração entre trajectórias e perspectivas de investigação
que se desenvolverem de forma distinta nos países envolvidos, em que se regista
um maior peso da Antropologia nas Américas e da História na Península Ibérica.
As anteriores Jornadas tiveram lugar
em Mação (Março de 2007) e em Florianópolis (Outubro
de 2007). Na sua base organizou-se um grupo de pesquisa, aberto a novas
colaborações, em que se associam cerca de duas dezenas de investigadores. As
jornadas são abertas a todos os investigadores interessados na Pré-História e
Arqueologia da América do Sul.
14 de Março – Indústrias e adaptações
humanas
Rossano Lopes Bastos (IPHAN, Erasmus
Mundus Professor) – Introdução às IIIªs Jornadas de Arqueologia Ibero-Americana
Ana Carolina Cunha
– Cadeias operatórias: como preparar um instrumento plano-convexo
Nelson Cabaço – Diversidade
das indústrias líticas na transição para a agricultura na Estremadra
e Alentejo
Jedson Cerezer
– Território e Sociedade: Arqueologia Guarani e a cerâmica
Luana Campos – Pará-nã:
~contextos arqueológicos do Alto Paraná
Rui Oscar
– Necropolização e organização do território: o
megalitismo das Beiras e da Ilha de Malta
Xiling Dai – Walking with man:
zoomorphic ceramic in China
and Brazil
Luiz Alberto de Souza Junior – O comportamento
simbólico como mecanismo adaptativo na evolução Humana
Janine Laborda –
tema a anunciar
Jayshree Munghur –
tema a anunciar
15 de Março – Ambiente e metodologias de investigação
Neelanshu Kaushik
– Quaternary extinctions
Flávio de Paula – Colecções
de referência e bases de dados de estrutura vegetais: apoio aos estudos paleoecológicos e paleoetnobotânicos
Cristiane Buco – Interpretação
cenográfica da arte rupestre na Serra Branca, Brasil
Guilherme Cardoso –
Métodos de datação
Tânia Tomazia – Arqueologia
na região sudeste do Estado de Santa Catarina, região sul do Brasil
VVAA – Programa de
investigação na região da Caatinga
VVAA – Programa de
investigação no Litoral Catarinense
Luiz Oosterbeek (IPT) - Conclusões
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Ana Carolina Cunha (IPT/UTAD) – Operational Chain: How to draw up a
Plan-Convex Instrument
The plan-convex instruments are
artefacts frequently in Brazilian pre-history, they are found since the
passage Pleistocene / Holocene until contact with the Europeans.
In Peruaçu
river valley, at north of the state of Minas Gerais,
were found various categories of plan-convex pieces, some of which are
characteristics of a well-delimited period, while others remain along the
chronological sequence.
In order to isolate the various
stages of the preparation of this type of artefacts, we started a criterions
study exercise from the conduct of experimental series on different types of
raw materials (quartzite, silexito, sílex / chalcedony), trying to play instruments and
similar lascs like those observed in archaeological
collections.
Wants to be with this
experimental approach, isolate and describe the remains raw that accompany
each of the stages of drawing up the operative chain.The
outcome of this work may facilitate the recognition of the stages of the
operational chain of plan-convex instruments on archaeological collections.
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Cristiane Buco (ITM, UTAD, CAPES) – Scenographic interpretation of the rock art of Serra Branca, Brazil
This research portrays the first analytic results
about rock art scenographic interpretation in Serra Branca region, Serra da Capivara
National Park in the Northeast of Brazil.
There are more than one hundred rock art
archaeological sites in Serra Branca
region. They are sandstone shelters with a lot of compositions that depict
figures of humans, animals and objects displaying two universes: everyday
life and mythical world.
Musical inferences associated to human scenography in rock art, compared to ethnic groups in the
central region of Brazil
and inserted in a broader framework of other archaeological remains and
landscape are highligthed in the present research.
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Flávio de Paula (IPT/UTAD) – Comparative collections and databases of
plant structures: support to palaeoecologic and palaeoethnobotanical studies
Interpretation of Quaternary palaeoenvironmental
and palaeoclimatic data relies upon comparison with
extant ecosystems. For that reason, palaeoecologic
studies based in plant micro- or macro-remains analyses depend on a good
knowledge of the present flora and vegetation, as well as of the morphologic
characteristics and structure of the analyzed elements. Constitution of
comparative collections and databases is an invaluable tool to these studies,
especially in tropical regions, where the high biodiversity engenders as yet
a poor knowledge of the morphology and structure of plant remains susceptible
of preservation in sediments (palinomorphs, wood,
charcoal, phytoliths etc.). Reference collections
of wood, charcoal, pollen grains, phytoliths, and
seeds are being assembled through field trips and institutional donations.
Databases associated to computer-based determination keys to anthracology and palynology are
also under development.
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Guilherme Cardoso (IPT/UTAD) – Dating methods
With the evolution of the different methods for
dating different kind of objects and environments, the researchers are
approaching the problems with another point of view.
Mainly, the methods applied for dating can be
divided into two groups, direct and indirect.
The indirect methods, such as iconography or style
and technique, are used not for determining the age, but for giving a
relationship of the antiquity of an object comparing with other.
The direct methods, such as radiocarbon or Ar/Ar dating, appear has major tools for archaeology in
the last 30 years of the 20 century. With better accuracy, they possible the
researcher to obtain a date of a specific site, or a particular object.
The problem with all of the tools available to study
a specific problem is the question for what we want to obtain an answer. For
example, it is not possible to date bone from an ancient cemetery, if there
is no collagen in the bone. If the sediments were moved because of the
intensive agriculture, we might observe a mixture or overlapped dates.
How it is possible to reduce the problems, and be
more accurate in determining the occupation age of the site? There
isn’t any Wright answer, but the use of more than a method can reduce
drastically the error, and produce a more accurate date.
It is intended to present studies cases, showing
different methods combinations and the final results produced.
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Jedson Cerezer
(IPT/UTAD) – Território e Sociedade: Arqueologia Guarani e a cerâmica
Nos últimos
séculos que antecederam a chegada dos portugueses ao Brasil, a região
meridional do pais era ocupada em grande parte por grupos humanos da cultura
Guarani, seu modo de vida, e sua ocupação territorial, estão intimamente
ligados com a produção de artefatos cerâmicos, que
por meio deles hoje reconstruir parte da vida e da mortes desses
indivíduos.
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Luana Campos (IPT/UTAD) – Pará-nã: archeological contexts of Alto Paraná
The river Paraná, or Pará-nã as it was called by Tupi-Guarani, proved not only
strategic for the early colonial occupation but also important for the
monsoon cycle. Furthermore, it also displays relevant information about the
presence of hunter-gatherer communities and potter farmers of this region.
Using archeological remains as a prompt, in connection with information of
ethno-history, it is possible to outline interpretations of human occupation
in central Brazil.
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Luiz Alberto de Souza Junior (MNHN) – The Symbolic Behavior
as an Adaptive Mechanism in Human Evolution
This paper aims to discuss the role of Symbolic Behavior
in the human evolution. It suggests the concept of "cultural
speciation", based on the biological parameters of natural speciation.
It also focus at the physical-territorial aspect, instead of the traditional
time-space one, as an influence of
Symbolic Behaviours
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Neelanshu Kaushik
(IPT/UTAD) – Quaternary extinctions
After centuries of debate, paleontologists
are converging towards the conclusion that human overkill caused the massive
extinction of large mammals in the late Pleistocene. This paper revisits the
question of megafauna
extinction by incorporating economic behavior into
the debate. However, we demonstrate
that the results of these extinction models are highly sensitive to implicit
assumptions concerning the degree of prey naivety to human hunters. We
allow for endogenous human population growth and labor
allocation decisions involving activities such as wildlife harvesting and
(proto) agriculture. We find that the role of agriculture in deciding the
fate of megafauna was small. In contrast, the
presence of ordinary small animals that have been overlooked in previous
non-economic extinction models is likely to have been much more important.
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Nelson Cabaço (IPT/UTAD) – Diversity of lithic industries in the transition into farming in Estremadura
and Alentejo
This paper intends to understand how the transition into the
agro-pastoralist societies was made, the importance of the natural contexts
in this transformation and how this reflects in the lithic
industries. A comparative analysis between tree regions of Portugal – Estremadura (Maciço Calcário Estremenho); Litoral Alentejo and inner Alentejo
– is made.
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Xiling Dai (IPT/UTAD) - Walking with man: zoomorphic ceramic in China and Brazil
Among the already discovered Neolithic ceramic,
those with animal depictions are very abundant and the areas they covered
have been world wide. They demonstrate that our prehistoric forebears had
modes of _expression_ more varied than we once imagined and allows for
commentary leads to religious phenomena such as taboo and sacrifices;
the domestication in Neolithic age and the extent and route of culture
exchange. Throughout, the importance of considering the overall environmental,
economic, technical, and cultural–ideological context in which the
zoomorphic ceramic was produced, used and distributed is emphasized. After
going through the material in both China
and Brazil,
we may suggest that a somewhat unexpected contemporary
resonance did exist.
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