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[Archport] Fwd: [nap-ualg] ScienceDirect Alert: Journal of Archaeological Science, Vol. 39, Iss. 5, 2012

Subject :   [Archport] Fwd: [nap-ualg] ScienceDirect Alert: Journal of Archaeological Science, Vol. 39, Iss. 5, 2012
From :   Núcleo de Arqueologia e Paleoecologia <nap.ualg@gmail.com>
Date :   Fri, 17 Feb 2012 18:42:44 +0000




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Journal of Archaeological ScienceJournal of Archaeological Science

Volume 39, Issue 5,  Pages 1197-1654, May 2012

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 2. Identifying archaeological wood stack charcoal production sites using geophysical prospection: magnetic characteristics from a modern wood stack charcoal burn site   Original Research Article

Pages 1197-1204
Alan J. Powell, Jane Wheeler, Cathy M. Batt


 
 3. Pattern or bias? A critical evaluation of Midwestern fluted point distributions using raster based GIS   Original Research Article

Pages 1205-1217
Thomas J. Loebel

Highlights

► Raster based approach examines continuous artifact distributions across landscape. ► Identifies distributional biases and effect of biases across the study region. ► Early Paleoindian settlement patterning can be identified and confidently interpreted. ► Modern population and prior research influence recorded fluted point distributions. ► Results suggest caution in using county level data in New World colonization models.



 
 4. Provenance of Zhangzhou export blue-and-white and its clay source   Original Research Article

Pages 1218-1226
Hongjiao Ma, Jian Zhu, Julian Henderson, Naisheng Li

Highlights

► Late Ming Chinese export porcelain samples are studied in present research. ► ICP-MS is employed to determine trace elemental composition for analysed samples. ► PCA and REE distribution curves are used to deliver provenance results. ► An interdisciplinary approach is used to trace the clay source for Zhangzhou kilns.



 
 5. Discovery of Beeswax as binding agent on a 6th-century BC Chinese Turquoise-inlaid Bronze sword   Original Research Article

Pages 1227-1237
Wugan Luo, Tao Li, Changsui Wang, Fengchun Huang

Highlights

► Five 6th-century BC turquoise-inlaid bronzes were recently excavated in central China. ► We identified some whitish pastes on a turquoise-inlaid sword using FTIR and XRD. ► Beeswax was suggested to be used as binding agent in early China inlay technique. ► Beeswax in other regions may also be used for lightening in early China. ► This research will promote our understanding of how ancient Chinese exploited natural resins to meet technological change.



 
 6. Chemical analysis of 17th centuryMillefioriglasses excavated in the Monastery of Sta. Clara-a-Velha, Portugal: comparison with Venetian andfaçon-de-Veniseproduction   Original Research Article

Pages 1238-1248
Augusta Lima, Teresa Medici, António Pires de Matos, Marco Verità

Highlights

► Ten 17th c.Millefioriglasses were chemically characterized for provenance studies. ► Glasses were analyzed by EPMA, Raman and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. ► Glass colourants, decolourants and opacifiers were identified. ► All glasses are of soda-lime-silica type indicating the use of coastal plant ashes. ► Two glasses are Venetian, one probably Venetian and seven possibly locally produced.



 
 7. A regional investigation of subadult dietary patterns and health in late Iron Age and Roman Dorset, England   Original Research Article

Pages 1249-1259
Rebecca C. Redfern, Andrew R. Millard, Christine Hamlin

Highlights

► We analysed Late Iron Age and Romano-British sub-adult burials from Dorset, England. ► Dental health declined and metabolic disease increased from the LIA to RB. ► Carbon and nitrogen isotopes showed increased consumption of marine foods in the RB. ► After weaning, we found no variation in dietary protein sources with age. ► We suggest that urban living, Roman diets and migration caused the changes.



 
 8. Palynological interpretation of the Early Neolithic coastal open-air site at Sa Punta (central-western Sardinia, Italy)   Original Research Article

Pages 1260-1270
Paola Pittau, Carlo Lugliè, Carla Buosi, Ignazio Sanna, Myriam Del Rio

Highlights

► Our study is aimed at assessing the paleoecology of a Sardinian Early Neolithic site. ► The Sa Punta coastal settlement underwent a whole palynological analysis. ► Pollen, phytoliths, fungal and microfossil remains suggest its possible function. ► Men occupied a rise along a marshy riverbank, about 6 km from the ancient shoreline. ► This shows the oldest evidence in Sardinia of a space transformation due to settling.



 
 9. 3D reality-based artefact models for the management of archaeological sites using 3D Gis: a framework starting from the case study of the Pompeii Archaeological area   Original Research Article

Pages 1271-1287
Fabrizio I. Apollonio, Marco Gaiani, Benedetto Benedetti

Highlights

► We define standards and procedures to acquire data, build and visualize 3D models. ► Procedures ensure consistency, quality and reliability of data along whole pipeline. ► 3D models semantically structured are integrated in a knowledge system. ► 3D models become main interface to access a 3D GIS of a large archaeological site.



 
 10. Testing flora as bioindicator of buried structures in the archaeological area of Maxentius’s villa (Rome, Italy)   Original Research Article

Pages 1288-1295
Simona Ceschin, Alma Kumbaric, Giulia Caneva, Vincenzo Zuccarello

Highlights

► Buried masonries create discontinuities in ground influencing flora that grows above. ► The bioindication of this phenomenon occurs on a floristic scale in several ways. ► Presence/absence of some species, decrease in number of individuals and plant cover. ► Phenological irregularities in single specimens with reductions in height and vigour. ► Spontaneous flora can be utilized as bioindicator in archaeological prospection.



 
 11. Long-term clay raw material selection and use in the region of Classical/Hellenistic to Early Byzantine Sagalassos (SW Turkey)   Original Research Article

Pages 1296-1305
B. Neyt, D. Braekmans, J. Poblome, J. Elsen, M. Waelkens, P. Degryse

Highlights

► Ceramic provenance study on coarse wares from Sagalassos, SW Turkey. ► Petrographical, geochemical and mineralogical analysis of clays and ceramics. ► Ceramics have a common ophiolitic origin. ► Exploited clay sources must have been located near the ancient site. ► Archaeological implications for the area in Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine times.



 
 12. Understanding the variability in freshwater radiocarbon reservoir offsets: a cautionary tale   Original Research Article

Pages 1306-1316
Evelyn M. Keaveney, Paula J. Reimer

Highlights

► Freshwater reservoir offsets (FRO) measured from archaeological and modern fish bone to investigate magnitude and variability. ► Stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) values can indicate consumption of freshwater material. ► Magnitude of the FRO can be large (max measurement: 1638 ± 22 14C years). ► FROs varied widely between sites in Britain and Ireland, and within sites between fish species analysed. ► FRO also varied over time.



 
 13. Multiple origins of Bondi Cave and Ortvale Klde (NW Georgia) obsidians and human mobility in Transcaucasia during the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic   Original Research Article

Pages 1317-1330
François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec, Sébastien Nomade, Gérard Poupeau, Hervé Guillou, Nikolos Tushabramishvili, Marie-Hélène Moncel, David Pleurdeau, Tamar Agapishvili, Pierre Voinchet, Ana Mgeladze, David Lordkipanidze

Highlights

► We present a sourcing study of Middle and Upper Palaeolithic obsidians from NW Georgia. ► The elemental composition and ages of obsidians from the Chikiani source were determined. ► Four sources of obsidians are represented at Bondi Cave and Ortvale Klde. ► The Chikiani and another undetermined source were used by Neanderthals and Modern Man. ► The minimal distance to the nearest exploited sources is about 200 km.



 
 14. Provenance of marble sculptures and artifacts from the so-calledCanopusand other buildings of “Villa Adriana” (Hadrian's villa – Tivoli, Italy)   Original Research Article

Pages 1331-1337
P. Pensabene, F. Antonelli, L. Lazzarini, S. Cancelliere

Highlights

► We determine the provenance of important marble artefacts from Villa Adriana. ► Sculptures of theCanopusare made of Parian, Pentelic and Dokymaean marbles. ► Lunense, Pentelic and Thasian marbles were used for architectural elements. ► Stylistic and petrochemical studies on marble sculptures from Villa Adriana were made. ► The existence of a sculpture workshop in the Villa was supposed.



 
 15. Ashes to ashes. Fuelwood selection in Roman cremation rituals in northern Gaul   Original Research Article

Pages 1338-1348
Koen Deforce, Kristof Haneca

Highlights

► Charcoal from both Roman cremation graves and refuse deposits was analysed. ►Quercussp.,Alnussp. andFagus sylvaticaare overrepresented in the graves. ► No particular taxa have been avoided. ► No indications for ritual based fuelwood selection strategies have been found. ► Fuelwood selection for cremation was functional rather than ritual.



 
 16. Towards an early warning system for oxidative degradation of protein fibres in historical tapestries by means of calibrated amino acid analysis   Original Research Article

Pages 1349-1359
Ina Vanden Berghe

Highlights

► Detection of amino acids most susceptible for oxidative degradation. ► Validation of early warning markers sensitive for oxidative degradation. ► Correlation between micro-scaled early warning markers and tensile strength tests. ► Condition evaluation of the oxidative degradation of historic tapestry collection.



 
 17. Obsidian hydration at high elevation: Archaic quarrying at the Chivay source, southern Peru   Original Research Article

Pages 1360-1367
Nicholas Tripcevich, Jelmer W. Eerkens, Tim R. Carpenter

Highlights

► Obsidian quarry and workshop at 4900 masl is tested but has few datable remains for14C dating. ► Relative obsidian hydration derived from one dated sequence correlated to other two sequences. ► Obsidian hydrates slowly at high elevation. ► Variation is low within stratigraphic contexts suggests narrow windows of knapping. ► Quarry activities at this pit are predominantly Archaic (preceramic) in age.



 
 18. Human impact and landscape utilization from the Mesolithic to medieval time traced by high spatial resolution pollen analysis and numerical methods   Original Research Article

Pages 1368-1379
K.L. Hjelle, T. Solem, L.S. Halvorsen, L.I. Åstveit

Highlights

► High spatial resolution pollen analysis from archaeological contexts and bogs. ► Changes in vegetation and resource exploitation in time and space. ► New empirical data on the development of agriculture at the coast of central Norway. ► Improved knowledge of activity by combining on-site pollen analysis and bogs. ► Numerical analysis important aid for pattern identification in complex data-sets.



 
 19. Pottery production and distribution in prehistoric Bronze Age Cyprus. An application of pXRF analysis   Original Research Article

Pages 1380-1387
David Frankel, Jennifer M. Webb

Graphical Abstract


Highlights

► pXRF analysis was undertaken on over 400 samples of Bronze Age Cypriot pottery. ► Most utilitarian pottery was locally produced and consumed. ► Some vessels were imported to each site from elsewhere on the island. ► Specific wares and vessel types were imported for different reasons.



 
 20. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of human dental calculus: a potentially new non-destructive proxy for paleodietary analysis   Original Research Article

Pages 1388-1393
G. Richard Scott, Simon R. Poulson

Highlights

► Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were obtained from human dental calculus. ► Isotope compositions replicated with a high degree of accuracy. ► Isotope ratios from Spain similar to ratios from bone collagen of Europeans. ► Nitrogen isotopes from Alaskan Inuit calculus very high as expected. ► Dental calculus may be nondestructive avenue for stable isotope studies.



 
 21. Macroscopic and microbiological alterations of bird and small mammal bones buried in aCerradobiome (south western Brazil)   Original Research Article

Pages 1394-1400
Mírian L.A. Forancelli Pacheco, Ximena S. Villagran, Gilson R. Martins

Highlights

► We show the results of a taphonomic experiment performed on birds and small mammals. ► We observe microbiological alteration on bones buried under aCerradobiome. ► It is compared taphonomic processes between boiled and non-boiled carcasses. ► Pre-burial factors make bones more susceptible to disarticulation and decomposition.



 
 22. Stable isotopes, diet, and taphonomy: a look at using isotope-based dietary reconstructions to infer differential survivorship in zooarchaeological assemblages   Original Research Article

Pages 1401-1411
Andrew Ugan, Joan Coltrain

Highlights

► Dietary reconstructions from Parowan Valley show high-maize consumption. ► Range of reliance mirrors Anasazi and Basketmaker data from similar areas. ► Faunas show substantial reliance on smaller lagomorphs and lowland resources. ► These data differ from traditional zooarchaeological analysis. ► Analysis reveals both taphomomic impacts and a possible method for evaluating them.



 
 23. Stature and frailty during the Black Death: the effect of stature on risks of epidemic mortality in London, A.D. 1348–1350   Original Research Article

Pages 1412-1419
Sharon N. DeWitte, Gail Hughes-Morey

Highlights

► We examine the relationship between stature and mortality during the Black Death. ► Stature was modeled as a covariate affecting the Gompertz model of adult mortality. ► Results suggest short stature was associated with elevated risks of dying during the Black Death. ► This provides further evidence that mortality during the Black Death was selective.



 
 24. Moisture content measurement and surface water absorption test in the inner gallery of Bayon for the conservation of the bas-relief   Original Research Article

Pages 1420-1435
Etsuo Uchida, Ichita Shimoda, Yutaka Takubo, Kentaro Toyouchi

Highlights

► Deterioration mechanism of the bas-relief in the inner gallery of Bayon was elucidated. ► Annual change in the moisture content of the bas-relief was measured. ► Deterioration was caused by calcite precipitation from water supplied from the platform. ► Surface water absorption test is useful to evaluate the degree of salt weathering.



 
 25. Distinguishing Nemrut Dağ and Bingöl A obsidians: geochemical and landscape differences and the archaeological implications   Original Research Article

Pages 1436-1444
Ellery Frahm

Highlights

► Distinguishing Bingöl A and Nemrut Dağ obsidians is often claimed not possible. ► This study shows Nemrut Dağ and Bingöl A obsidians can be reliably differentiated. ► Moreover it shows there are multiple distinct chemical signatures for both areas. ► Using these techniques, artifacts from Tell Mozan were sourced to both sources. ► The results debunk a widespread assumption in sourcing about maximal efficiency.



 
 26. Molecular and osteometric sexing of cattle metacarpals: a case study from 15th century AD Beja, Portugal   Original Research Article

Pages 1445-1454
Simon J.M. Davis, Emma M. Svensson, Umberto Albarella, Cleia Detry, Anders Götherström, Ana Elisabete Pires, Catarina Ginja

Highlights

► Portuguese Moslem and Christian period cattle metacarpals form two sizes. ► aDNA analysis of these confirms males are the larger and females the smaller. ► Post-Moslem Portuguese cattle size increase not therefore due to sex-ratio change. ► Christians in Portugal improved cattle for meat and power. ► aDNA-sexed metacarpals indicate BFd and WCL measurements can separate sexes.



 
 27. Khmer sandstone quarries of Kulen Mountain and Koh Ker: a petrographic and geochemical study   Original Research Article

Pages 1455-1466
Federico Carò, Sokrithy IM

Highlights

► We studied several stone quarries and outcrops in the Angkor area and in Koh Ker. ► Quarries open on Lower–Middle Jurassic Formation of lacustine and fluvial origin. ► All the samples are feldspathic arenite of similar geochemistry. ► It is arduous to discriminate existing quarries within each site, and between the two sites.



 
 28. The Lower Palaeolithic on the northern plateau of the Iberian Peninsula (Sierra de Atapuerca, Ambrona and La Maya I): a technological analysis of the cutting edge and weight of artefacts. Developing an hypothetical model   Original Research Article

Pages 1467-1479
Marcos Terradillos-Bernal, Xosé-Pedro Rodríguez

Highlights

► The analysis of weight and cutting edge is important in determining the potential of lithic sets. ► This article approaches the issue of the study of two inter-related features. ► This study is an hypothetical model that represent a starting referring point.



 
 29. Chemical characterisation of glass mosaic tesserae from sixth-century Sagalassos (south-west Turkey): chronology and production techniques   Original Research Article

Pages 1480-1492
Nadine Schibille, Patrick Degryse, Markku Corremans, Christian G. Specht

Highlights

► Different supply patterns of glass tesserae between Roman and Byzantine Sagalassos. ► Colour specialisation in Byzantine glass tesserae production. ► Positive correlation of Mg and K in natron-type glass. ► Fuel ash contamination during secondary manufacture of glass tesserae. ► Microstructures of opaque samples indicate technological processes.



 
 30. Magnetite grain-size analysis and sourcing of Mediterranean obsidians   Original Research Article

Pages 1493-1498
E. Zanella, E. Ferrara, L. Bagnasco, A. Ollà, R. Lanza, C. Beatrice

Highlights

► Ferrimagnetic grain-size analysis used for the first time to source obsidians. ► Fast non-destructive method to screen large collection of archaeological finds. ► Mediterranean neolithic source areas successfully characterized. ► Bulk and anhysteretic susceptibilities, room and low-T isothermal remanence measured.



 
 31. Observatory validation of Neolithic tells (“Magoules”) in the Thessalian plain, central Greece, using hyperspectral spectroradiometric data   Original Research Article

Pages 1499-1512
Athos Agapiou, Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis, Dimitrios Alexakis, Apostolos Sarris

Highlights

► The paper introduce an alternative way for the detection of archaeological remains. ► The authors used ground hyperspectral data and examined vegetation indices. ► The paper indicates the significance of radiometers in archaeological research. ► Ground results were verified with satellite investigations.



 
 32. A method for chronological apportioning of ceramic assemblages   Original Research Article

Pages 1513-1520
John M. Roberts, Barbara J. Mills, Jeffery J. Clark, W. Randall Haas, Deborah L. Huntley, Meaghan A. Trowbridge

Highlights

► Sites' chronologically-mixed assemblages make time-specific research difficult. ► Our apportioning method uses data on site inhabitation and object lifespans. ► Uses hypothesized object popularity histories, can be adapted to empirical histories. ► Applied to ceramic ware assemblages in the late prehispanic U.S. Southwest. ► Evaluation in test cases indicates that the method is useful.



 
 33. Mussels and mongongo nuts: logistical visits to the Cape west coast, South Africa   Original Research Article

Pages 1521-1530
John Parkington

Highlights

► Megamiddens are logistical campsites. ► Stable carbon isotopes from coastal skeletons. ► Logistical and residential movements of San hunters and gatherers. ► Food waste and artefact densities in caves and open sites. ► Mongongo collection as analog for shellfish gathering.



 
 34. Camels in the northern provinces of the Roman Empire   Original Research Article

Pages 1531-1539
Fabienne Pigière, Denis Henrotay

Highlights

► We describe the remains of a Late Roman dromedary from a site in Belgium. ► A review of camel finds from 22 sites in the northern Roman provinces is provided. ► Both dromedary and Bactrian camel were imported throughout the whole Roman period. ► Camel discoveries derive from both military and civilian settlements. ► They might have been pack animals linked with the traffic on the Roman road.



 
 35. Evidence of early medieval soda ash glass in the archaeological site of San Genesio (Tuscany)   Original Research Article

Pages 1540-1552
S. Cagno, L. Favaretto, M. Mendera, A. Izmer, F. Vanhaecke, K. Janssens

Highlights

► We have discovered the earliest medieval soda ash glass in Italy. ► Both natron glass and soda ash glass have been identified in the early medieval San Genesio, Tuscany. ► We have analyzed glass fragments that provide an interesting picture of an important transition period in glass history. ► 37 well dated early medieval glass fragments from San Genesio, Tuscany were analyzed with SEM-EDX and LA-ICP-MS. ► Medieval soda ash based glass appeared in Italy earlier (6–7th century) than previously reported.



 
 36. Historical ecology of late Holocene sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from northern British Columbia: isotopic and zooarchaeological perspectives   Original Research Article

Pages 1553-1571
Paul Szpak, Trevor J. Orchard, Iain McKechnie, Darren R. Gröcke

Highlights

► Sea otters are consistently important components of northern coastal BC faunal assemblages. ► Stable isotope data suggest Holocene sea otters in northern BC fed primarily on benthic invertebrates. ► The isotopic data are not consistent with significant consumption of nearshore fish by sea otters. ► BC sea otters are characterized by very little inter-individual isotopic variability. ► The isotopic data are consistent with sea otters at low population densities, which may be related to human hunting.



 
 37. A Bayesian AMS14C chronology of the Classic Maya Center of Uxbenká, Belize   Original Research Article

Pages 1572-1586
Brendan J. Culleton, Keith M. Prufer, Douglas J. Kennett

Highlights

► Precise AMS14C dates are integrated with stratigraphy to refine site chronology. ► The approach allows us to estimate the dates of events not directly datable. ► Revised chronology pushes first site construction earlier than previously thought. ► The analysis clarifies directions for future stratigraphic excavation and analysis. ► Bayesian approaches have broader application in Maya and Mesoamerican contexts.



 
 38. Pitted stone cobbles in the Mesolithic site of Font del Ros (Southeastern Pre-Pyrenees, Spain): some experimental remarks around a controversial tool type   Original Research Article

Pages 1587-1598
Xavier Roda Gilabert, Jorge Martínez-Moreno, Rafael Mora Torcal

Highlights

►We clarify the functional context of the pitted stones in the European Mesolithic sites. ► Strong association between bipolar knapping and the formation of pits in percussion tools. ► Development of pits pitted stones by means of the cracking and/or grinding of hazelnuts is rejected. ► Multi-functional nature of percussion tools is highlighted.



 
 39. Discriminating Paleoindian point types from Florida using landmark geometric morphometrics   Original Research Article

Pages 1599-1607
David K. Thulman

Highlights

► Landmark geometric morphometrics can produce better artifact typologies. ► Bilaterally-symmetric artifacts can better capture the ideational form. ► Bootstrapping methods with replacement better measure the effectiveness of a typology. ► The base of a point better discriminates among groups in a typology.



 
 40. Paleoindian subsistence strategies and late Pleistocene paleoenvironments in the northeastern and southwestern United States: a tooth wear analysis   Original Research Article

Pages 1608-1617
Florent Rivals, Gina M. Semprebon

Highlights

► We studied the impact of environmental change on Paleoindians in North America. ► Tooth wear is used as a proxy for ungulate dietary traits and habitats at each site. ► Ecotone environments were available to Paleoindians for their subsistence strategies. ► Settlement of the sites involved both long and short-term occupational events.



 
 41. Re-investigating fish consumption in Greek antiquity: results from δ13C and δ15N analysis from fish bone collagen   Original Research Article

Pages 1618-1627
Efrossini Vika, Tatiana Theodoropoulou

Highlights

► δ13C and δ15N measured from fish bone collagen. ► Regional variation stronger than temporal variation. ► Frequent consumption of fish will not be directly evident isotopically.



 
 42. Scientific investigation of the paint and adhesive materials used in the Western Han dynasty polychromy terracotta army, Qingzhou, China   Original Research Article

Pages 1628-1633
Shuya Wei, Qinglin Ma, Manfred Schreiner

Highlights

► Materials in Han dynasty polychromy terracotta army were studied. ► XRF, FTIR, Py-GC/MS and GC/MS techniques were applied. ► Stratigraphy of the paint layers and the pigments used were studied. ► Binding medium used for the paint and the adhesive on the terracotta horse were identified.



 
 43. Reconstructing patterns of systemic stress in a Jomon period subadult using incremental microstructures of enamel   Original Research Article

Pages 1634-1641
Daniel H. Temple, Masato Nakatsukasa, Jennifer N. McGroarty

Highlights

► We use perikymata to identify enamel hypoplasia (LEH) defects in a subadult from Jomon period Japan → Eight matched defects were identified. ► Chronology of LEH defects were estimated → Stress chronology was between 1.2 and 3.5 years of age. ► Duration of stress episodes were estimated → Stress duration in ranged from 12 to 129.6 days. ► Stress duration overlapped with Neandertals, but was considerably lower than Point Hope. ► Enamel microstructures provide a comparatively more finite depiction of stress in Jomon people.



 
 44. Foodstuff placement in ibis mummies and the role of viscera in embalming   Original Research Article

Pages 1642-1647
Andrew D. Wade, Salima Ikram, Gerald Conlogue, Ronald Beckett, Andrew J. Nelson, Roger Colten, Barbara Lawson, Donatella Tampieri

Highlights

► Demonstrates organ removal in ibises, which is generally considered rare. ► Pattern includes previously unreported practice of foodstuff packing. ► Foodstuffs suggest the provision of an afterlife food source to the bird. ► Supports idea that viscera were meant to function in the afterlife. ► Demonstrates degree to which animals were treated equally to humans in death.



 
 45. Chemical composition of architectural plaster at the Classic Maya kingdom of Piedras Negras, Guatemala   Original Research Article

Pages 1648-1654
Elliot M. Abrams, John Parhamovich, Jared A. Butcher, Bruce McCord

Highlights

► We study architectural plaster chemistry from Piedras Negras, Guatemala, a Maya center. ► Methods include X-ray fluorescence and complementary statistical analysis. ► Clusters of buildings differed from each other in plaster chemical composition. ► A rotational system of labor obligation is suggested.



 


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